Many students believe that referent words like "Sore" or "Sono" always point to the noun immediately preceding them. This is a common trap.
In N3 and N2 levels, these words often point to entire concepts or situational contexts rather than a single word.
Stop guessing and start using this 3-step logical approach.
3 Steps to Pinpoint the Referent
Identify the Category
Does the referent point to a specific "Object (Noun)" or an "Idea/Situation (Entire Content)"? Distinguishing this first will narrow your search significantly.
Source Candidates from the Previous Two Sentences
The hint isn't always in the line right above. Expand your view to the two preceding sentences to extract potential candidates.
Cross-Check with the Paragraph Topic
This is the ultimate safety net. If you are stuck between two choices, return to the first sentence of the paragraph. Ensure that your chosen answer aligns with the main theme the author is discussing.
Beware the "Word-Matching" Trap
Be suspicious of answer choices that use the exact same vocabulary as the text.
Test makers often create "decoy" answers using identical words but with slightly shifted meanings or incorrect scopes. Focus on the "range" of the meaning rather than just matching the sounds of the words.
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